hello guys,..!

i have not yet been post a lot here, because im so busy this day,but you know i have just something to tell about this topic... 

INCREASE INTRA CRANIAL PRESSURE

      Do you know what is this? I will just take an outline out of the books that I've read...

      Increase Intracranial pressure is due to increase in 1 intracranial components.

     Some Predisposing factors are:

• head injury,tumor,localized abscess
• hemmorhage,cerebral edema, hydrocephalus,
• inflammatory conditions like meningitis and encephalitis

   Signs and symptoms are

   a,)change or decrease LOC- it may be restlessness to confusion  

                                              -disorientation to lethargy and stupor to coma.

   b.)Headache- patient can experienced projectile vomitting

                       -Papilledima(edema of optic disk- outer surface of retina.)

                      

   c.)Uncal Herniation-unilatateral dilation of pupil.

       Tentorial herniation-bilateral dilation of pupil

   d.)Possible seizure

GUYS you need to bear in mind that CHANGE IN VITAL SIGNS of the patient is always the LATE SYMPTOMS OF ICP.

• Increased BP-systolic increase, diastole is same
• Decrease HR-
• Decrease RR-you can observe CHEYNE STOKES-between period of apnea or hyperapnea with periods of apnea.
• Increase Temperature

NURSING PRIORITY

A..Maintain patent airway and adequate ventilation.

1. Prevention of hypoxia-(there is decrease tissue oxygenation) and hypercarbia( there is increase in CO2 retention).

• Late symptoms of hypoxia...B-bradycardia                 Early symptoms ...R- restlessness                                                            E-extreme restlessness                                   A-agitatation                                                                D-dyspnea                                                     T- tachycardia

 B..Assist mechanical ventilation.

• maintain patent airway
• monitot v/s and i and o
• elevate head of bed 30-45 degrees, neck in neutral position unless contraindicated to promote venous drainage
• limit fluid intake 1200-1500ml/day
• prevents complication of immobility

C..Prevent increase of icp by:

• maintain quite and comfort environment
• avoid use of restraint because it can lead to fracture
• always siderails up
• instruct patient to avoid the ff:- Valsalva maneuver or bearing down, avoid straining of stool.-give       laxative or stool softener
•                                             -Excessive cough,excessive vomiting and  lifting heavy objects

D. Administered meds ordered.